Are Americans Have Good Life Style Than Chinese - 987 Words

Here is a photo, a man lying on the beach chair and watching on the magazine in his own yard, and the other side is his wife use weeding machine leisurely mowing on the lawn. This advertisement basically showing us how is this weeding machine easy to use because even a woman can feel easy to use this machine, and if you buy it you will be well as the man on the photo to seat on the chair. But the question is, is that possible people will feel easy while they use the weeding machine or it is just a falsehood made from marketer? The biggest problem in America is all kind of misleading advertisement around Americans. It isn’t common to see people go to gym in China, but it is in America. Is Americans have good life style than Chinese? Or there are some reasons caused that happened? The research shows that more than two-thirds (68.8 percent) of adults are considered to be overweight or obese in U.S.; On the other hand, there are only 15% adults consider as obesity in China. In the article â€Å"When Good Celebrities Promote Bad Foods† Sifferlin Alexandra states that celebrities’ promotion of unhealthy food and drinks. For instance, â€Å"Beyonce and Shaquille O’Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic†(2). As we all know Beyonce, she is a popular singer, and she has a good stature which most people covet for, and also Shaquille O’Neal who is a famous basketball star, he had won a lot of championship rings with his strongShow MoreRelatedAmy Chuas The Battle Hymn Of Tiger Mother1573 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph Sandoval Professor Sheftman English 2 23 October 17 Contrasting Leadership Styles The Oxford dictionary defines a leader as â€Å"the position or function of a leader, a person who guides or directs a group of others.† Qualities of a good leader include, but are not limited to: being honest, fair, having good communication skills, having intuition, and so much more. 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Also, Chua makes a point to portray the differences between Chinese parenting and that of Westerners. Amy Chua compares and contrasts Chinese mothers and, what she refers to as, Western mothers and shines a light on the harsh parenting style she chose. Chinese mothers are very strict. They do not even comeRead MoreBattle Hymn of the Tiger Mother Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"In one study of 50 Western American mothers and 48 Chinese immigrant mothers, almost 70% of the Western mothers said either that ‘stressing academic success is not good for children’ or that ‘parents need to foster the idea that learning is fun.’ By contrast, roughly 0% of the Chinese mothers felt the same way. Instead, the vast majority of the Chinese mothers said that they believe their children can be ‘the best’ students, that ‘academic achievement reflects successful parenting,’ and that ifRead MoreThe Different Education Exam Systems1266 Words   |  6 PagesIntroductory As we know, different country has diversity style of education system, we cannot say which is better or worse, each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. We can figure out the differences and connections with them, and learn to know the reasons why different countries has different education system. I am going to talk the teaching style and education purpose in three countries, China, America and Japan. As for teaching style, This will determine the interests for students.Read MorePosition Paper- Child Abuse and Discipline1181 Words   |  5 Pagesbad behaviors and gives the child emotional and physical harms. Forms of abuse include spanking, hitting, saying negative things and corporal punishment. In fact, parental discipline is a much more appropriate way of dealing with negative behavior than using abusive actions on the child. The line between parental discipline and child abuse is not clear. However, child abuse can be defined as people following the wrong policies to teach their children why their actions are not appropriate and theRead MoreThe Roar Of The Tiger Mom By Amy Chua1347 Words   |  6 PagesIn the essay, â€Å"The Roar of the Tiger Mom† Amy Chua explains with great detail, the many differences between Chinese mothers and western parents have in the upbringing of their children trying to prepare them for the real world. Amy Chua puts in her own insight of Chinese mothers trying to justify the Chinese parenting style, however, many western parents would defy Chinese parenting style. Amy Chua formed a list of the things she would never allow her children to do. These things may seem like theRead MoreTwo Different Mindsets of Parenting: The Chinese and the Western Approach1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe article â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior† by Amy Chua demonstrates the two different mind sets of parenting: Chinese parenting and Western approach to parenting. In my view, Chinese parenting is very strict about school work and extracurricular activities such as pianos and violins. For example, if we compare the two different sets of parenting; Chua says, for instance that Western parents believe that they are strict by forcing their kids practice their instruments for 30 minutes a day at mostRead More The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage As the world integrates, more and more people are leaving their mother lands to visit, study and work overseas. Young people now have more opportunities to meet prospective partners from other cultures than they had in the past. â€Å"The number of intercultural couples is increasing worldwide.† (Klein, par.3) Many intercultural couples claim that their relationships do not differentiate from monoculture relationships at first. PassionateRead MoreA Battle Hymn Of The Tiger Mother1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe stereotype that Chinese parents raise the most successful children is universal. The question is, how do they accomplish this? In her novel, A Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, Amy Chua illustrates how she raises her two children to be stereotypically successful Chinese kids. â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior,† is an excerpt of this novel, which appeared in the Wall Street Journal. The editors of the Wall Street Journal presumably chose this title to draw atte ntion and promote controversy. Throughout

Divorce And The American Psychological Association

Divorce Mia Marotto Luzerne County Community College Abstract Divorce According to the American Psychological Association (2015), Marriage and divorce are both common experiences. In Western societies, more than 90 percent of individuals wed by age 50. Healthy marriages are useful for couples mental and physical wellbeing. They are likewise useful for kids; experiencing childhood in an upbeat home shields kids from mental, physical, educational and social issues. Be that as it may, around 40 to 50 percent of wedded couples in the United States end in divorce. Divorce is defined as the final decree required to legally terminate a valid marriage, and this paper will provide general information on the reasons/risks as to why couples divorce, the impact that the separation can have on children, and how the society in which a couple is living can be effected by a divorce. Couples may decide to divorce at any time, and there are hundreds of different reasons why two people may decide that it would be beneficial to separate. In a scholarly article wr itten by (Amato Previti, 2003) titled People’s Reasons for Divorcing: Gender, Social Class, the Life Course, and Adjustment it is stated that gender can be an issue in itself throughout a marriage and that in comparison to men, women tend to keep track of their connections more closely, and are able to detect relationship issues sooner, making them more prone to start discussions of relationship concerns with theirShow MoreRelatedThe Divorce Rate Of Married Couples880 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the continental United States, the divorce rate among married couples is approximately â€Å"forty to fifty percent† according to the American Psychological Association (APA). 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With divorce becoming a prominent phenomenon it has become increasingly important for the two parties involved to remain courteous. Children’s lives are easily impacted when they are forced to go through this life altering situation. Divorce can inflict damage both mentally and psychologically. WhenRead MoreThe Trials and Effects of Blended Families Essays1104 Words   |  5 PagesA blended family is typically seen as one of divorce, or widow, and remarriage with or without kids. These types of family systems tend to face more unique challenges than most. They face struggles such as the trauma of divorce, children getting used to a new parent that has not always been around, and new siblings that have not always been around. This can cause added stress to an already stressed family system. Socioeconomic status plays a role in every family. However, in blended familiesRead MoreHow Divorce Has Changed Changing Society1491 Words   |  6 Pagesis divorce. Divorce is defined as the legal process of dissolving a marriage, thus separating two individuals (Merriam). From generation to generation, divorce has been on a steady increase. The annual rate of divorce more than doubled between the mid-1960s and the early 1980s (Croteau). As of recent, statistics show an increase in divorce rates from less than 20% to nearly 50% since 1960 (Croteau). Throughout history, divorce has remained a controversial topic. Perceptions of divorce haveRead MoreHow the Western Concept of Marriage has Changed Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical health† (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce,† 2014). For children, growing up in happy homes help with their mental, physical, educational, and social well-being. Unfortunately, about 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. The rate is even higher for subsequent marriages (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce,† 2014). The social institution influence (structural) differs from the individual influence (life choices) in divorce by the scope of perception on why divorce occurs (Amato, Previti, (2003)Read MoreTerm Paper : Depression Among College Students Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagestheir lives due to depression. Physical D’Amico, N., Mechling, B., Kemppainen, J,. Ahern, N. R., Lee, J. (2016). American college students views of depression and utilization of on campus counseling services, Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, Vol. 22(4) 302 –311 a) to examine depression and its treatment benefits and risks b) young adults, ages 18-25, American college students c) Physical (problems sleeping, concentrating and body aches) d) 1. The attitudes that family andRead MoreSerial Killers Case Study1526 Words   |  7 Pagesin life. This case study will focus on Jeffery Dahmer, while tracing his psychological dysfunction back to his childhood. Though comparing him to other case studies What defines a â€Å"Serial† killer? In the book â€Å"mind hunters† by John Douglass (1998) he explains Serial killer is a term describing a type of killer who kills many people over an extended period. They are generally male and motivated by a variety of psychological urges, primarily power. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics definesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1537 Words   |  7 Pagesevidence. Failure, in measureable terms for any marriage, would statistically be divorce rates. Given divorce rates as a measuring stick, same-sex marriage does no harm to marriage and in fact, often augments it. Marriage as a whole is the benefactor of same-sex marriage. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first state to fully legalize gay marriage and full federal rights to it. Between 2003 and 2008, Massachusetts’s divorce rate declined a stark 21% to a national low in 2008. Alaska, meanwhile, became

Ace Fertilizer Ima Free Essays

Ace Fertilizer Company Abby Conroy was tasked with calculating an effective quote for Breeland Ltd. , she chose the activity based accounting costing system since it more accurately captures the related costs. A special order was placed by Breeland Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on Ace Fertilizer Ima or any similar topic only for you Order Now with Ace Fertilizer Company. The did not plan to order more of this product in the future. Based on Ace’s policy, the special order included disposal costs for any used materials in the event no other orders existed for the unused materials at the time the Breeland contract was signed. Abby correctly calculated the total direct material and labor costs and accurately arrived at the indirect costs using the ABC method and used cost activity pools that make sense for the company and product. She incorrectly included the organization-sustaining costs which are not related to any specific product so should not be included. Abby incorrectly calculated the mark up cost by dividing 80% from the cost rather than multiplying so the markup and the total cost to Breeland has been overstated by $193,500. This would ultimately produce a higher profit with lower costs and a higher customer margin but would be inconsistent with Ace 80% markup policy. Revisions could be made and an accurate quote could be provided to Tom Brennen for approval. During personal time over the weekend, George was presented with a possible opportunity to sell the unused portion of Breelands special order materials to his brother Josh. On Monday, George wanted to leave the Breeland quote as is, whereas Abby wanted to revise it to exclude the sale of materials to Josh plus additional charges. George is correct to leave the quote unchanged, since there are no new orders for the additional XO-1600 yet even though he and Josh discussed it during personal time. Company policy dictates that the special order customer would be billed for unused materials in the absence of another existing order for the same materials. It would be putting the cart before the horse to recalculate new costs and inform Breeland of a possible price revision before Josh confirms, especially since the information exchange occurred over the weekend during a personal family event. It is likely that Josh will purchase the additional 10 gallons of product but that can’t be confirmed until later in the week. It is not correct however that Breeland should incur those material costs if Josh does purchase them. George is not correct in how he would handle the transaction with Breeland should Josh purchase the materials. The materials should not be double billed and disposal fees should not be incurred by Breeland if this event never occurs. From an IME standpoint, Abby’s costing calculations were flawed which speaks to her competency as a management accountant, but her integrity was consistent with IMA ethical standards. Her markup mistake was most likely a clerical one only that could easily be fixed however including organization-sustaining costs in the client quote is a larger concept level mistake. The first error places a small black mark against her level of competence. Since she has developed an excellent level of expertise with Ace, I would suggest that it could be overlooked. The second error however is larger and would suggest her level of competence might be questioned. Following Georges’ conversation with Josh, Abby was keen on modifying the bid to include a materials reduction of $16,000, elimination of the $10,000 disposal fee for unused materials and a reduction in organization sustaining overhead costs of $52,000. Including the 80% markup, this would save Breeland $93,600 if Abby’s original quote had been correct and the numbers were not modified to remove the organization-sustaining error. It is clear that reworking the original quote to accommodate a new client would benefit Breeland, however the conversation between George and Josh was personal and not final, even though Josh was able to preliminarily confirm he would place the order. The original quote would represent a more timely quote since future prospects had not yet materialized and would be consistent with Ace’s company policy. Since Georges’ conversation with Josh would be considered confidential in nature with respect to Breeland, it would limit Abby’s permission to inform them of any possible rework of the quote without express consent or approval of George. Since Tom Brennen would need to review any reworked quotes anyway, it doesn’t seem likely that Abby would violate any confidentiality requirements as directed by IMA Standards. Georges’ suggested game plan of billing the products twice could be seen as a misuse of confidential information since he is confident Josh will buy the materials but is still willing to move forward with the Breeland quote without disclosing the possibility of Josh’s purchase to Tom. George may also be engaging in a conflict of interest by using his brother and information gained in a non professional environment as a means to unethically increase revenue. It would also represent a departure from ethics and integrity as an activity that discredits the profession since it lacks communication with Breeland. If Josh does confirm he will purchase the materials within the 20 day usable product window, it would represent additional and more timely information and should signal Abby’s recommendation to revise Breeland’s quote, even if it is after the fact. It is a timing issue. If George does provide the Breeland quote to Tom ‘as is’ and does not discuss with him the implications of his prospective new client on the numbers provided, he would be weakening his own credibility since it would represent a lack of information disclosure to Tom. It could be argued that he is providing the quote fairly and objectively but, it lacks the insight of how the new client would change the numbers in Breeland’s favor and precludes the possibility of client double billing, an important fact to support disclosure of all relevant information communicated fairly and objectively. I think Abby is correct in advising George that a possible rework of the quote is in order although based on the confirmed information, the current Breeland bid should go forward as is with a caveat that it could change with the confirmation of Josh as a new client if he is engaged before the Breeland quote is signed. Since the meeting will take place between George and Tom on Wednesday and the details of Joshs’ possible purchase are expected to become known ‘later in the week’, it makes sense to wait a day or two before making the decision. It is also possible that Josh may not make the purchase. Ace is one of the few companies’ nationally that is able to produce the product, it seemly unlikely that Ace would risk losing their business by asking for a few extra days to confirm final details of the quote. No mention of Josh’s possible order is necessary. Tom should be given full disclosure by George of the impact on profitability of both scenarios. These would include: 1). the order ‘as is’ without the prospect of Josh placing an order, 2). he revised order based on Abby’s recommendations of reducing XO-1600 materials cost, disposal cost and markup, and the additional sale of the remaining 10 gallons of XO-1600 to Josh, including shipping charges and 3). Two separate quotes that would include the original quote to Breeland executed as is, then a contract signed later with Josh followed up with a revised contract with Breeland eliminating the disposal cost and the additional materials cos t. The quote o Josh should not include organization-sustaining costs since they are not considered product costs. Abby recommends that George inform Tom about the prospective use of the extra 10 gallons. If George is unwilling to do so, she should also be willing to speak directly with Tom about the Breeland quote changes, if applicable. It is not known what Ace’s policy is regarding resolving issues with questionable ethical implications. If necessary, Abby may contact an IMA Ethics Counselor to gain a better understanding of how she should proceed. The case study suggests this issue is a matter of how a management accountant might proceed in light of a shortfall of required monthly profit goal, in that is may be perceived as a way to make up the shortage. It is also mentioned that neither profit scenario would provide the desired result of reaching the monthly goal. The management accountant should see this as an ethical issue and not a function of whether one scenario or the other will produce the desired result. If Abby were to revise her original assumptions and excluded the organization-sustaining costs per required by the ABC method she is using, she would have noted a reduction in the bottom line of $18,000, which represents the disposal fee plus an 80% markup. Clearly, the scenario George likes would net the larger bottom line at $802,800, an increase of $28,800 in the bottom line of the Breeland Ltd order alone. This could be a potential lapse in judgment based on a desire to get closer to a proposed profit goal if he doesn’t discuss the possible purchase by Josh with Tom. From a policy standpoint however, George is doing the correct thing, although from a fairness standpoint, Josh’s possible order must be considered. Three scenarios are included which outline how each quote will affect the bottom line. If the original quote is signed by Breeland and moves forward without a purchase by Josh, the bottom line will be increased by $774,000. If Josh is given time to confirm and execute an order with Ace for the 10 gallons of material prior to the Breeland quote signing, Ace bottom line will be reduced by $18,000. If Breeland signs the quote, then later Josh signs a contract for the remaining materials and the materials are double billed, the company bottom line would be increased by $802,800. This is ultimately an issue with areas that need insight from IME ethical standards, especially with respect to communicating information to Tom Brennen. It seems a case in which company policy might be overlooked in order to maintain a standard of fairness while also being honest about product and customer treatment. How to cite Ace Fertilizer Ima, Essay examples

Slip of the Tongue in Singing English Songs by Adult free essay sample

INTRODUCTION Since slip of the tongue Is the naturals condition that everyone find during his communication experience, people finally give many definition toward this phenomenon. In Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary slip of the tongue define as a condition when someone says something that they did not intend to say which is means the slip of the tongue Is not Intentional and it can not represent the true feelings of a person. On the other hand the opposite definition coming out from Sigmund Freud which is explain slip of the tongue as a meaningful and interpreted utterances. The utterances coming out as the representation of the restrained or repressed Intention of the speaker. 80th definitions have their own strength and approval but here, the concern of the research Just limited on the reason or factors that cause slip of the tongue and the relation between rhythm/music genre to human ability in producing words under psycholinguistics analysis perspective. One condition that everybody have to understand is the research take a special condition. If slip of the tongue usually happen In normal conversation In this case slip of the tongue will observed in the sing activities.The reason for this condition is related to the concern of the research which will find the relation between rhythm/ music genre to human ability in producing words. So, the researcher find five different songs in different genre to be analyzed and In collecting data, observational method and recording technique used while In analyzing the data researcher used articulators identity method and presenting the result using informal and formal method. METHODS The data taken from five English songs which Is sing by adult and the object that researcher need to find Is the slips of the tongue by adult In singing those songs. In order to find the object of the research firstly the researcher have to find the songs that included into the criteria that explained in the background of the research. In this case, the researcher have to make a questionnaire to collect some information about the genre and the popular singer and songs that known by the participant. Then after collecting those information the researcher have to decide five songs that included into the categories by collecting the most similar answer by the participants.After collecting five songs as the tools of the observation,the researcher deed to record the songs that Is sing by the participants so, If we relate It to Astronauts book (1988) the method used by researcher In collecting the data Is observation and the technique used is recording. Nevertheless in devising the tools of the data researcher need to use questionnaire as the technique. This research Included into descriptive qualitative research because the data were collected In the f orm of utterances that produce by the second singer (adult) and the representation of the research is in the form of words.Due to this research purpose are to find the second singer while singing a song so, the researcher will use descriptive research because it designed to obtained information concerning the current status of the phenomenon and directed toward determine the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the research in the label of qualitative method (Ray 1972:259) Differ from quantitative research, this research will concern on the complex and larger concentration. The researcher of qualitative research have to give a meaning for the phenomenon holistically and need to play areole in the whole process (Sudan, 2002).The research it self will approve the phenomenon with the perspective of the researcher so, there should be a method used to analyze the data taken. Lately many expert use triangulation method to analyze the data. This method is a study application that used multimedia for analyze the similar phenomenon, (Dentin, 1989 in Sudan, 2002). According to Dentin and Chime there are five types of triangulation : theoretical triangulation, triangulation data, methodological triangulation,investigator triangulation and triangulation analysis (Sudan, 2002:38).Then this research will focus only theoretical triangulation which is means hat the researcher will combine some theory from the different aspects of linguistics such as psycholinguistics, phonology, morphology and syntactic perspective to analyzing the data. After analyzing the data, rese archer present the result of analysis by using the informal and formal method. Informal method is a way of presenting the findings by using a verbal statement (natural luggage) while a formal method is a way of presenting the analysis by using signs and symbols (artificial language).THEORY In linguistics, language production is the production of spoken or written language. It ascribes all of the stages between a concept and translating the concept into linguistic form. (Levels, 1989) As Frocking and Ratter (1998) argued when we produced an utterance there is a correspondence between our thought and wishes which convey the message but when the storage space of the brain is finite we may never produce a number of the infinite sentence. From those explanation we know that we must construct sentences from smaller parts or units before we are able to say them.The main issues then concern on the processes by which units come to be selected and then combined in a particular order. Gleason and Ratter 1998) The production of spoken language involves three major levels of processing. The first is conceptualization. The speaker must decide the message to be conveyed. It is also called the verbally message or the message level of representation. This stage is often represented by a thought bubble. It means that this level connects the intention to speak and the concepts to be verbally expressed. Levels 1989) On the other hand, Jaeger (2005:8) proposed this stage which also includes not only general and specific world knowledge but also the speakers knowledge about the linguistics ragtime conventions of their speech community. Therefore speakers must take account of what they called the common ground. The common ground between two people consists of their mutual beliefs, expectations, and knowledge. If someone overhears a conversation between two friends, it can be very hard to follow, because s/he has a lack common ground. The second level is formulation.Levels (1989) stated that the speaker must convert linguistics form of the idea meant to be expressed. This process also known as the processes of grammatical encoding, starting from lexical component selection which s activate the message and it includes semantic and syntactic properties. Jaeger, 2005:8) Then, the last is articulation / execution. The speaker have to make a plan of the motor movements to convey the message. It also involves detailed phonetic and articulators planning (Levels, 1989). Errors in Articulator Program According to Clark and Clark (1977), there are types of errors occur with a number of different linguistics units.In some cases, a single phoneme is added,deleted, or moved, but at other times, it may be sequence of phonemes, morphemic,affixes and root, whole words, or even phrases. As general rule, errors tend to occur at only one linguistics level per utterance. That is, when a person clearly says the wrong word, as in substitutions, the syntactic structure of the sentence, productivities, and phonological structure remain intact. According to Frocking and Ratter (1998) such errors in production is called speech error. It regularly occurs in normal conversation. A speech error is a pattern that differs from some standard pattern. Speech errors are common among children who have yet to refine their speech, and can frequently continue into adulthood. They moieties lead to embarrassment and betrayal the speakers regional or ethnic origins. However, it is also common for them to enter the popular culture as a kind of linguistic flavoring. There are nine types of speech error: silent pauses, Filled pauses, repeats, false starts (unreturned), False starts (retraced), Interjections, Stutters, Slips of the tongue.Later on this research will not discuss all of the kind of the speech error but Just focus on slip of the tongue. According to Frocking (in Clark, 1977) slips of the tongue have occurred when the speakers utterance differs in some way from the intended utterance. Jaeger (2005) defined slips of the tongue as one-time error in speech production planning; that is the speakers intends to utters a certain word, phrase, or sentence but in the middle of planning process the utterances came out of the mouth differ from the intended words which want to say.Freud argued that slip of the tongue is in which a mistake in speech reveals something of the nature of the speakers unconscious or semi-conscious desires. He proposes that when somebody misspeak, it is an accidental expression of thoughts or feelings. Freud would argue that slips of the tongue were never accidents, that they always revealed some underlying unconscious or repressed need to impulse. In Frauds mind, this verbal slip could not have been accidental or based on any explanation other than the indispensable condition of suppression he had proposed. Cornerstone of all slips of the tongue could operate at three different levels.On one level, the suppression could be conscious and deliberate on another suppression, it can be identified afterward by the person who made the slips but was not intended beforehand, and at the deepest level the person absolutely denies the suppression. For Freudians, it really does not matter what level the person made a slip of the tongue is operating at. For them in all cases, the slip is the results of the conflict between two forces-the underlying unacceptable need and the tendency to keep it hidden. According to Dell (as cited in Applause, 1999), slips of the tongue unintended,uninhabitable deviations from a speech plan.Slips of the tongue happened in three levels Those are in sound errors, morpheme errors, and word errors. Sound errors are accidental interchanges of sounds between words such as snow flurries might become flow sundries. Morpheme errors are accidental interchanges of morphemes between words. For example self-destruct instruction might become selflessness destruction. Word errors are accidental transpositions of words. For example: Writing a letter to my mother might become Writing a mother to my letter. Major types of slips of the tongue according to Carol: 1.Shift In Shift one speech segment disappears from it appropriate location and appears somewhere else. Example : Thats so shell be ready in case she decide to hits it (decides tooth it); get its (gets it); 2. Exchange In effect,double shift, in which two linguistic units exchange. Example : Fancy getting our model renowned (getting your nose remodeled); writing a mother to my letter (writing a letter to my mother); slickly thinned (thinly sliced); 3. Anticipation occur when a later segment takes the place of an earlier one. Example : Bake my bike (take my bike); leading list (reading list) sky is in the sky (sun is in the sky); 4.Preservation Occur when a earlier segment replaces a later item. For instance He pulled a pantry (tantrum); beef needle (beef noodle); 5. Addition A unit is added for example : I didnt explain this culturally enough (carefully enough); to strained it (to strain it); 6. Deletion A unit is deleted. For instance : same sate (same state); Ill Just get up and mutter intelligibly (unintelligibly); 7. Substitution A unit is changed into a different unit. 8. Blend Blend occur when two speech units are combined. For instance : That child is looking to be spangled (spanked/paddled).The thing that we have to considered here is slip of the tongue is a condition where the utterance is not utter correctly based on the idea of the speaker. In this case the process of producing sounds was broken in the last phase ( articulation phase) where human produce the sound to speaking. So, based on the reality above in analyzing he data we have to combining some linguistics Frances and in this case the are psycholinguistic, phonology and morphology and also syntax. ANALYSIS From the explanation above here are some data taken from the participant when they are singing English song.Table 1 Title If I Die Young If I Die Young Singer The band Perry Genre Rock Rock Lyrics Second Singer (Indonesian) The sharp knife of a short life, well Ive had, Just enough time. (1 a) Ive have, Just enough time. (1 b) From the table above we can see that : Vie had Vie have had have /hd/ /hv/ Both of d/ and [v/ in the table of phonetic symbols take place as fricatives, flat and iced. Nevertheless d included as the sound in dental alveolar while V in the labia dental sounds. So, in this case a dental alveolar sound changed by a labia dental sound.Table 2 Title Make Me Strong Make Me strong Singer Same Hussy Second Singer (Indonesian) Lyrics My lord show me right from wrong Give me light make me strong I know the road is long make me strong (AAA) My lord show me right from wrong Give me right make me strong I know the road is long make me strong (b) Based on the data above the change is happen on sentence AAA Give me light replaced by the Give me right in the b sentence Give me light Give me right eight right /alit/ /rat/ Both II/ and [r/ are voiced liquids sounds in dental alveolar thing that make them differ is the position of producing the sounds II/ take place in lateral and [r/ in the central. Table 3 Title MY Heart Will Goon MY Heart Will Goon Singer Cline Don Second Singer (Indonesian) Genre Pop Pop Lyric Everything in my dreams (1) I see you, I feel you That is how I know you go on Far across the distance And spaces between (2) us You have come to show you go on (AAA) Everything in my times (1) I see you, I feel you And spaces mine (2) us You have come to show you go on (b) room the table we get that AAA. 1 becomes b. 1 and AAA. Changes into b. 2 for clearance let we see the explanation below. AAA. 1 Everything in my dreams Everything in my times b. 1 / driers/ AAA. 2 And spaces between us between mine /between/ /Minnie/ dreams /teams/ times And spaces mine us lb/ is a bilabial stop voiced sound meanwhile Im/ is bilabial nasal voiced sound then It/ is dental alveolar stop voiceless sound and In/ is dental alveolar nasal voiced sound. Both changes happen in the same place such as lb/ replace by Im/ which are take place in bilabial but lb/ is stop but Im/ is nasal then the next It/ place by In/ both are in dental alveolar but m stop voiceless and In/ nasal voiced.Table 4 Title Love Story Love Story Singer Taylor Swift Second Singer Lyric We were both young when I first saw you I close my eyes and the flashback starts (1) Im standing there on a balcony in summer air (2) See the lights, see the party, the ball gowns (3) See you make your way through the crowd And say hello Little did I know (4) (AAA) We were both young when I first saw you I close my eyes and the Flash starts (1) Im standing there on a Gallons in summer air (2) See the lights, see the party, the ball gains (3) Little I know (4) b) In this song the researcher find 4 changes toward the song. They are : AAA. 1 replaced by b. 1 I close my eyes and the flashback starts starts flashback flash /FLsubk/ /FLsys/ AAA. 2 replaced by b. I close my eyes and the Flash Im standing there on a balcony in summer air Im standing there on a Gallons in summer air balcony gallons /belknine/ /gelknine/ lb/ is a bilabial stop voiced sound which is replaced by [g/ palatal stop voiced. AAA. 3 replaced by b. 3 See the lights, see the party, the ball gowns See the lights, see the party, the ball gains gowns gains /gains/ /gains/ AAA. 4 replaced by b. Little did I know Little I know After explaining the changes above, now the researcher try to classified the problems into the kinds of slip of the tongue. 1. Deletion : Deletion is a kind of slip of the tongue where one item are deleted in the data above we find it in the data number 4. (AAA. 1 replaced by b. ) l close my eyes and the flashback starts become I close my eyes and the Flash starts Here flashback becomeflash which is means back are deleted The next data is AAA. 4 that replaced by b. 4 2. Substitution: Ive had, Just enough time become Ive have, Just enough time Everything in my reams become Everything in my times Give me light make me strong become Give me right make me strong And spaces between us become And spaces mine us Im standing there on a balcony in summer air become Im standing there on a Gallons in summer air See the lights, see the party, the ball gowns become See the lights, see the party, the ball gains These six data are included in substitution class because all of them get a consonant error or vowel error such as AAA. 3 replaced by b. owe replaced by a' gowns gains Then other get a philological error such as AAA. 2 replaced by b. Lb/ replaced by [g/ For the replaced of the sounds the pattern are not define yet because each people has their own problem in replacing the sound and it is need more data for defining the pattern of the replacing phonemes. Nevertheless the reason that influence the second singer get slip of the tongue could be analyses based on some theory from the expert. Before executing an utterance we have to make a plan in our brain first. A speaker builds up a general structure for the discourse, form a skeleton for the sentence to be uttered and select words to fit the skeleton constituent by constituent.In speaking, people take already formulated plan and execute them but not all goes well in every speech. In practice, they have fundamental problems. First, they have formulated their plans fully before they begin their execution. For this reason, they often speak fast and start to make variety of speech error. Second, in final preparation for execution, they must build an articulator program, a plan in working memory that tells the articulator muscles what to do them (Clark and Clark 1977) Clark also says that the planning takes time and more time on some occasions than others. The more difficult the planning, the more time it should take and the more likely speech itself will be disrupted. Then, when slip of the tongue occurs here are some factors that influence it; 1 . Cognitive Difficulty The first factor of planning difficulty is called cognitive difficulty. Taylor in Clark and Clark (1977), conducts a study in which people were asked to produce as quickly as possible a sentence on topic like car, animal, pleasure, and dominance some of these are concrete objects (car and animal) and others are abstract (pleasure and dominance). It took people longer to produce the first word of the sentence from an abstract than from the concrete one. Furthermore, it took them longer to develop a sentence skeleton for an abstract topic. 2.Situational Anxiety Situational anxiety is the second factor of slips of the tongue. When we talk about topics that we are anxious about, we tend to produce more silent pauses and certain execution processes generally. If speakers become tense, their planning and execution become less efficient. Another possibility is that what the speakers talk about is simply more difficult cognitively when s/he is anxious. It may be very difficult to verbalize the more time planning, groping, for Just the right words. Under this alternative anxiety, pauses have the same source as the pauses of any other cognitively difficult talk (Clark and Clark 1977). The same cases also happen when people singing a song.When the song is familiar and interest the singer the process of production the words will easier than the one who does not. Then the frequency of error will higher in in the singer who does not like the songs. 3. Social Factors The next factor that influences slips of the tongue is the social factors. Under the pressures of conversations, the speaker must take clearly whether they still have meeting to say or they are finished. On other hand, there are some factors that errors can occur. Those are low self confidence and the environment factor which in this case is family (Wireman, Separate Indonesia No. 135/1 Sunday 14th May 2006). Here, the pressure coming out from the music.The music itself has a rhythm which is conducting the repetition of the sounds in the certain pattern or design. Then the next is the tempo of the music which is defines as the time or the speed of the song. Then the last one is the sound of the singer which influences the second singer to plicate their pronunciations while singing. CONCLUSION Slip of the tongue define as a condition when someone says something that they did not intend to say which is means the slip of the tongue is not intentional and it cannot represent the true feelings of a person. On the other hand the opposite definition coming out from Sigmund Freud which is explains slip of the tongue as a meaningful and interpreted utterances.The utterances coming out as the representation of the restrained or repressed intention of the speaker. Nevertheless in this research most of slip that occur usually coming out because the second singer eels very familiar with the sound and produce it without paying too much attention or the opposite reason is the song is not familiar so the singer trying very hard to understand the meaning and try to imitate the first singer and the result is s/he get a big pressure while singing. For sure, those reasons are explained in the three factors that influence the occurrence of slip of the tongue: cognitive difficulty, situational anxiety, and the last one is social factors.