Prenatal Alcohol Exposure And Ability, Academic...

In the study titled Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Ability, Academic Achievement, and School Functioning in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Follow- Up, there is a study conducted in order to show the correlation of academic problems to prenatal alcohol exposure, in which some of the children in the study had fetal alcohol syndrome and others did not. The main theory is that â€Å"Prenatal exposure to alcohol is associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) as well as other alcohol- related neurodevelopmental disorders (ARND) that are expressed as developmental, disabilities, behavior, and learning problems (Stratton, Howe, Battaglia, (1996).† The authors’ theory was based on a survey issued by Barr, Kogan, and Bookstein (1996). The survey was issued to 441 clients which revealed that 60% of those patients who were 12 years or older, had either been expelled, suspended or dropped out. This common finding among them were called disrupted school experiences. After evaluating the surveys, authors saw a correlation between academic problems and disruptions in school experiences. 70% seemed to have attention problems, 40% received special education services, and 65% were reported to have received some kind of remedial help in reading and mathematics when in school. The research by Barr, Kogan, and Bookstein (1996) helped them form the hypothesis that â€Å"those affected by prenatal exposure would show decreased intellectual abilities, have special learning deficiencies in math with a relativeShow MoreRelatedFetal Alcohol Syndrome And Its Effects1712 Words   |  7 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its Effects On a Child’s Cognitive Development Dane D. Hrencher Kansas State University Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its Effects On a Child’s Cognitive Development Alcohol is known as one the most dangerous teratogens. Every time a pregnant woman drinks, she allows alcohol to enter her blood stream and make its way into the placenta. Unlike the mother, the fetus is unable to break down alcohol that makes the blood alcohol level of the fetus the same orRead MoreWhen women use drugs during and after pregnancy it can have very harmful effects on the infant. A2600 Words   |  11 Pagesin an effort to increase the likelihood of the child being born healthy. The most common drugs used during pregnancy are alcohol and nicotine (Coles, 2010) and the most common side effect of maternal drug use is low birth weight. Low birth weight is when a child is born at five and a half pounds or less. When a woman uses drugs during her pregnancy some type of prenatal deprivation occurs and the growth of the fetus is slowed (Ashford LeCroy, 2013). Other side effects of maternal drugs useRead MoreTheories Of Human Development1401 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a school psychology perspective. Biological factors influence development as early as fetal development. Genetic influences, structural abnormalities and chemical imbalances in the brain can all impact the course of development. Biology and environment intersect in cases of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). When a mother has harmful substances in her body, these transfer to the fetus and can have detrimental effects on all aspects of their growth throughout their lifespan. Prenatal exposureRead MoreAtypical Child and Adolescent Development3169 Words   |  13 Pages(BIS)- BAS- stimulates behavior in response to signals of reward or nonpunishment. BIS- produces anxiety and inhibits ongoing behavior in the presence of novel events, innate fear stimuli, and signals of nonreward or punishment. †¢ Possible prenatal and genetic factors of CD †¢ Attachment factors and family instability- general family disturbance- include parental mental health problems, a family history of antisocial behavior, marital discord family instability, limited resources, andRead MoreDescription Of An Example Of A Presentation8050 Words   |  33 Pagesdifficulty in focusing and maintaining attention; often leads to learning and behavior problems at home, school, and work; also called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Autism (Autism Society of America Home Page) Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. The result of neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individualsRead MoreFemale Criminality11608 Words   |  46 Pagesreasons for committing crimes at an elevated rate, along with committing different crimes than their male counterparts. Elizabeth Cauffman notes in her research that female crime has been linked to chronic behavioral problems during childhood, drug and alcohol abuse, mental health problems and disorders such as emotional disturbance and depression, which is directly linked to conduct disorder (Cauffman, 2008, pp.6). By 2006, females accounted for 41% of arrests for larceny, 33% of arrests for forgery andRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagesand to correlate these two variables at the end of the semester. ___5__ Dr. Lopez inferred that the data he collected supported his hypothesis regarding the relationship between attendance and exam scores. Objective I.3 Describe the major schools of thought and theoretical perspectives in psychology. |Margin Learning Question(s) (if applicable) |Page(s) | |1.7 How do behaviorists explain behavior and mental processRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesany cost reduc- 25 tion estimated to result from such services, in- †¢HR 3962 IH VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00097 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3962.IH H3962 98 1 cluding prenatal care, delivery, or postnatal 2 care; 3 (B) shall estimate such costs as if such 4 coverage were included for the entire population 5 covered; and 6 (C) may not estimate such a cost at less 7 8 than $1 per enrollee

The Ethics Of Prenatal Screening - 1728 Words

Ethics of Prenatal Screening Prenatal screening itself is a moment that holds uncertainty and can change the lives of those involved. . The chance of having a boy or girl seems to be the least of worries of expectant parents. Having a child with disability has been stigmatized to be a much bigger issue that is considered a â€Å"problem† in society. Even with issues surrounding prenatal screening, and it being ethical or â€Å"the right thing to do,† the worries of people with disabilities about how prenatal screening is handled can be answered. Tom Shakespeare references in, Solving the Disability Problem Whose Responsibility? how â€Å"scientific progress has created a situation in which childhood disability has moved from being considered a random chance or act of God, to something which can often be anticipated, and thus prevented† (Shakespeare 2005). Before science could tell us the gender of our future children, and any other problem that may entail, it was up to chance and choice whe ther one would follow through with complete pregnancy. With technology and advances in prenatal screening, anticipation is removed, predominantly due to the fear of having to raise a child with a disability. In contrast to negative and opposing views, Madeo et. al mentioned Lardy et. al’s study, which showed that those who suffer from a disability have the ability to maintain, â€Å"friendships, hold jobs, and go to school† (Madeo et. al 2010, 1778). Even with attitudes, which dishearten the lives of theShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Computing And The Internet1173 Words   |  5 Pages Ethics in Computing and the Internet Jorge Zacarias Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Inside the topic of health care system ethic is implicit the pregnancy dilemma. This wide topic can include hundreds of pages; herein we are going to cover principal’s data of this essential topic in today’s lives. Pregnancy includes a debate for more than 4 decades and some topics that affect not only mothers even child, there are many dilemmas surrounding this controversialRead MoreEthics Of Computing And The Internet1173 Words   |  5 Pages Ethics in Computing and the Internet Jorge Zacarias Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Inside the topic of health care system ethic is implicit the pregnancy dilemma. This wide topic can include hundreds of pages; herein we are going to cover principal’s data of this essential topic in today’s lives. Pregnancy includes a debate for more than 4 decades and some topics that affect not only mothers even child, there are many dilemmas surrounding this controversialRead MoreArgument Against Prenatal Genetic Screening1845 Words   |  8 PagesArgument Against Prenatal Genetic Screening In this essay, I will argue that prenatal screening for disabilities for the intent of actively choosing to have a child without a disability is immoral. By disability, I mean the definition provided in a medical dictionary: â€Å"A disadvantage or deficiency, especially a physical or mental impairment that prevents or restricts normal achievement†. This does not include diseases that are considered inevitably and irreversibly fatal, nor does it include birthRead MoreThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 Pagestrue within the field of reproductive technology. Advancements in this field has expanded family options significantly with the advent of reproductive technologies such as in vetro fertilization, embryo transplant, and varying genetic testing and screening (Finsterbusch, 2008). However, what drives humanity to want to modify humankind? Should there be limits placed on these modifications? And, how far should we really go? According to the President’s Council on Bioethics, the completion of the DNARead MoreEthics at the Beginning of Life: Prenatal Genetic Testing3950 Words   |  16 PagesEthics at the Beginning of Life: Prenatal Genetic Testing Lauren Delucca Linda Field Despain Cynthia Ventura-Lippert Submitted to Dr. Mark Jumper in partial fulfillment of HCE430, Health Care Ethics Regis University October 13, 2012 Prenatal Genetic Testing Prenatal testing and genetic testing developed hand in hand. Many genes, the basic unit of heredity, are now known through the human genome project (Pence, 2011, pp. 273-274). Genetic testing can identify theRead MoreThe Benefits of Human Genetic Engineering Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone goes in and takes that malignant gene out of the equation with the help of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) such as embryo screening, in vitro fertilization, and pre-implantation genetics. â€Å"PGD allows couples at risk of transmitting a genetic disease to ensure their future children are unaffected by the disease without going through the process of prenatal diagnosis†¦and being forced to make the difficult decision regarding pregnancy termination† (Pray). Doctors can perform a procedure whereRead MoreEthical Issues Regarding Prenatal Testing1498 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Issues Pertaining to Prenatal Testing Rebecca Arsenault University of Saint Joseph Ethical Issues Pertaining to Prenatal Testing The advances in medical and scientific research have impacted today’s society by constituting cures and treatments for illnesses and disabilities. A woman can now have her unborn child tested for diseases and disabilities before the child is born. This testing is called prenatal diagnosis and has become increasingly popular. Regretfully, selective abortionRead MoreNew World Or Gattaca Style Dystopic Future Development Of Effective Prevention And Treatment Strategies For A Great3494 Words   |  14 Pageshuman embryo to fears about slippery slopes into a Brave New World or Gattaca-style dystopic future characterized by designer children and a genetic underclass. In the following, I will attempt to map out the current debate as it applies to genetic screening and testing, with special attention paid to the criticism offered by disability studies theory and disability rights advocates. I will begin with a brief overview of the traditional arguments in favor of reproductive liberty and a more permissiveRead MorePrenatal Genetic Testing Should Be Allowed1569 Words   |  7 Pagestesting and manipulation. Prenatal genetic testing is becoming more readily available to expectant parents, many who currently appreciate the option of amniocentesis, a procedure performed in the second trimester to test for Down syndrome, among other prenatal tests (Lippman 383). However, technology has advanced to the point where doctors will be able to test fetuses and embryos for potential defects, and this point of contention has led to a debate on whether prenatal genetic testing should beRead MoreThe Pregnancy Of A Foetus Diagnosed With Down Syndrome1610 Words   |  7 Pagesestimated to occur in 1 out of every 650- 1000 live births (Bittles Glasson, 2004), receiving a positive diagnosis of Down Syndrome can be very overwhelming for the parents. Prenatal diagnosis and screening are controversial when we refer to ethical considerations, but the benefits that they provide are undeniable. Prenatal tests do not only facilitate choices through information provision, but also allow the parents to recognise and prepare for the challenges that their unborn child and their family

Old Civilizations Essay Example For Students

Old Civilizations Essay Today we take many things for granted. We use telecommunications to speak to others around the globe, we use technology to instantly access the knowledge of the entire planet, and we can travel great distances in short time spans, all of which creates a true global community. And, of course, this is just in the area of technological improvement. Think of all the other genres in which advanced things are happening all the time. It is indeed amazing to think that, as I have said before, all of these events relate directly back to that first person who gave up chasing wild animals and started a farm, creating the first village, and eventually, the first civilization. These simple things developed, over time, into the many advances which hold such an important part of our lives. Their religions, governments, as well as social ideas and achievements are still used today, of course not in the same form, but definitely in the same idea. Where are such examples more present now, when trying to examine them, than in the societies which first adopted these new systems and which eventually became the founding fathers of modern ideas? So, to look at all of these advances and their effects over time, it is important to look at some of the major civilizations which played a part in societys development. These, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China are truly ancient achievements as a whole. However, China has truly influenced our thinking in a way that no other civilization can compare with. Their ideas have proven without a doubt, the true knowledge and skill as a whole these ancient societies had. Religion has undergone one of the largest changes since it appeared in early civilizations such as Mesopotamia and Egypt. However, its roots are planted deeply in the ancient world. Mesopotamia had one of the first organized religions, one of its trademarks to being a civilized society. They worshiped nature gods and believed that the worlds natural life was sacred. This polytheistic, peaceful belief served them well for their lifestyle, as Mesopotamia relied heavily on agriculture and farming. They came to rely on a higher force for determining the fate of their risky crops in a desert area where harvests were never guaranteed. In Egypt the society developed a polytheistic worship once again based on nature and the natural world. However, their desert setting, in my opinion, led to their belief in one chief god, and more specifically, Amon Re, god of the sun. Now, travelling across the Middle East into Asia Minor and the Indus Valley civilizations, we can see the distinct difference s caused in religion by the lack of communication between the two societies. India had an entirely different outlook on religious practices, not focusing on a s many ceremonies and working more towards the idea of purifying the soul. Indians believed that their bodies were reborn after death as many times as it was necessary to clense their souls from any impurities. As they did this, they moved higher in a class system based on personal purity, commonly known as the caste system. China, lastly, which developed completely independent of the other great ancient systems of religion, used a much more vague approach. This, however, was indeed an advantage, as religion began to focus more on personal improvement rather than others worship. The term gods is used without direct definition, and people were influenced much more by philosophy than by religion. Society attempted to achieve a higher state of understanding about the world around them, act morally correct at all times, and unders tand the important values held in high regard by all. This, above all, led the Chinese to their larger, more thought-out ideas about life as a whole. .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec , .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .postImageUrl , .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec , .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec:hover , .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec:visited , .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec:active { border:0!important; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec:active , .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2a8a0bf31ddc4a44b5ccb8c555a023ec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parts of Library EssayReligion, which tied the members of theses societies together, did not, however, provide great amounts of direction to the parties involved. For projects of importance to the society or a group inside the civilization, governments were formed as a method of controlling and influencing everyday operation and execution in such undertakings. Mesopotamia, one of the first civilizations, formed a weak, oftentimes useless government, which, unfortunately was controlled absolutely by religious leaders. These theocracies, or governments ruled by a religious head, were abundant in ancient times, yet were, as mentioned, most likely not as successful as their la ter counterparts which were controlled by independent governing bodies. In Egypt, the society was ruled by a theocracy in its purest form, the people believed their ruler to be a god himself. This had both negative and positive impacts, for some rulers took it to their own advantage to rule harshly and never be punished, while other believed it to be their duty to rule in a fair and helpful way to the society. India was overthrown by the Aryans, who were a warrior race and the society as such developed around their oftentimes cruel beliefs. However, after religion developed in India and class systems slowly emerged, power began to shift back to its ancient, theocratic default and priests once again dominated the everyday operation of society. This brought many problems back to center-stage as Indians now viewed religious leaders a separate caste, barring others from entry into this more highly purified state. China is once again the sole oddity in the formation of society, also base d mostly on its complete lack of communication with the outside world. Government there developed in a divised way, separating various areas of land to the control of different, all, powerful leaders. Known as feudalism, this system was both a success and a failure. The society failed to have a sense of unity or a real alliance among the various states, yet the states individually were proud and prosperous. New system of governing developed, and instead of all-powerful leaders, humble advisors appeared everywhere, instructing various governments on the current operation and execution of leadership. Now, concluding all of these important aspects of society, comes the judging marks of their success. Society cannot solely be measured by its government, religion, or other important aspects. It can, however, be related against others in its final results as a unit. A societys achievements are the true measure of its success. Mesopotamia is a success in itself, being the first society to develop into a complex civilization. Its farming techniques, government, and economy is mimiced almost exactly in many proceding civilizations, so we can infer directly that the system must work resonably well to have survived so long with so much fierce competition. In Egypt government was efficient, people were well educated, and advancements came in great numbers. Egypt improved upon written language, used one of the first complex mathematical systems, and succeeded in becoming one of the most well-known and notable civilizations of all time. The lesser-known but equally important Indian Civilizat ion has endured probably the longest without major change, indicating that it works fairly well. Society works hard and achieves its goal, people are taught to understand the value of actions and thoughts both religiously and socially, leading to a higher sense of understanding among its followers. India has indeed contributed greatly to many forms of our present-day society, impressively so in the areas of mathematics, religion, social behavior, and hard-working moral beliefs. China, most of all, has contributed an impossibly large amount of information as well, social advancements beyond compare. Its deep sense of moral correctness leads our society today, its depth in technological advancement extends to everyday application in our lives and its true ideas concerning family values are held in high esteem by all. .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c , .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .postImageUrl , .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c , .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c:hover , .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c:visited , .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c:active { border:0!important; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c:active , .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9db547c0334713d3535c6a96991f0a3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jane Eyre Persuasive EssayThus, simple things have developed, over time, into the many advances which hold such an important part of our lives. The religions, governments, as well as social ideas and achievements of ancient societies are still used today, of course not in the same form, but definitely in the same idea. Whenever we interact with others, work towards a goal, or even simply create a new idea, we are using ideas and processes first developed in ancient times. However, China has truly influenced our thinking in a way that no other civilization can compare with. Their ideas have proven without a doubt, the true knowledge and skill as a whole these ancient societ ies had. Among family beliefs, governmental standings, as well as religious practices, China was by far the most advanced of the civilizations worthy of discussion under such a topic.